The ‘space’ of friendship: young children's understandings and expressions of friendship in a reception class

The purpose of this study has been to explore young children's understandings and experiences of friendship as these manifested in children's behaviours, in a reception class setting. Drawing on an evolutionary, ecological framework, friendship is seen as not only the expression and further development of social understandings and cognitive advances; more than that, making and maintaining friends is seen as an evolutionary trait and a ‘drive’ to relate to similarly minded others. Through ‘niche picking’, children select the environments and opportunities that suit them in order to develop their dispositions and individual traits. The research employed a participatory design in order to capture the children's views and experiences. It took place in a reception class setting, where children's everyday experiences were observed and discussed with them. The study identified six themes of analysis and offered some suggestions about creating enabling educational environments that allow the ‘space’ for niche construction.     

论大学生中医药文化自信教育

中医药文化自信是中华民族文化自信的重要组成部分。中医药的创新与转化是中医药文化自信的持续动力源泉。培养中医药文化自信是新时代立德树人根本任务的重要抓手、人才培养的首要任务、党的政治建设的具体体现，是高校的职能、教师的责任和大学生的本分。新时代需要培养大学生的中医药文化自觉，形成大学生的中医药文化认同，树立乃至坚定大学生的中医药文化自信。中医药文化价值取向和中医思维是中医药文化自信的主导与内核，是达成中医药文化自信最重要、最核心的组成要素。高校应以中医药文化价值取向为目标，以中医思维培养为关键，积极有效地探讨大学生中医药文化自信教育的多样化路径和方法。     

中医思维：中医药文化自信的内在逻辑

中医思维传承中国古代哲学的辩证思维传统，以独特的视角、方式和方法研究人类健康、生命及其疾病现象，表现出中华民族特有的原创思维特征。传承中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的历史逻辑，创新中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的理论逻辑，养成中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的实践逻辑。中医药院校必须改革创新培养路径，培养出具有中医思维自觉的“铁杆”中医人才。     

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context (QCSASC) in unsuccessful sexual situations

The aim of this study was to translate and adapt to Persian, and to assess psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context (QCSASC). A total of 265 Iranian participants (121 women and 144 men) were recruited for this study. A principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis revealed a best fitting five-factor structure similar to the original QCSASC: Incompetence, Undesirability, Abandon/Rejection, Powerless/Helpless, and Difference. However, in the Iranian sample, the original Self-Depreciation dimension was included in the Incompetence and Undesirability factors. An Abandon/Rejection dimension was also evident, and may be explained by cultural, social, and religious factors in the Iranian culture. Additionally, reliability analysis has supported the internal consistency (adequate Cronbach's alpha values) and temporal stability (test–retest reliability) of the QCSASC in an Iranian sample. The findings suggest the adequacy of the Persian version of the QCSASC to assess cognitive schemas in sexual context among Iranian men and women.     

How does cultural capital keep you thin? Exploring unique aspects of cultural class that link social advantage to lower body mass index

A widely used indicator for cultural class is strongly related to a lower body mass index (BMI): cultural capital measured as ‘highbrow' taste. This study’s objective was to theorise and measure aspects of cultural class that are more plausibly linked to low BMI, and subsequently explore their relevance. Building on Bourdieusian theory we derive four of those aspects: ‘refinement’ (valuing form and appearance over function and substance), ‘asceticism’ (self-imposed constraints), ‘diversity’ (appreciation of variety in and of itself) and ‘reflexivity’ (reflexive deliberation and internal dialogue). Using standardised interviews with 597 participants in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2016, we subsequently demonstrate: (i) newly developed survey items can reliably measure four aspects of cultural class: ‘asceticism’, ‘general refinement’, ‘food refinement’ and ‘reflexivity’ (Cronbach’s alphas between 0.67–0.77); (ii) embodied/objectified cultural capital (i.e. ‘highbrow’ taste) was positively associated with general refinement, food refinement and reflexivity, whereas institutionalised cultural capital (i.e. education) was positively associated with asceticism and reflexivity; (iii) asceticism, general refinement, reflexivity, but not food refinement, were associated with a lower BMI; (iv) asceticism, general refinement and reflexivity together accounted for 52% of the association between embodied/objectified cultural capital and BMI, and 38% of the association between institutionalised cultural capital and BMI.     

论新时代高校图书馆的“四大要素”建设

在新时代图书馆的背景下,针对高校图书馆"四大要素",即人才的知识化、资源的科学化、设备的智能化与服务的人性化展开论述。人才队伍建设是图书馆发展的第一要素,也是图书馆发展的关键;资源建设是图书馆开展信息服务的基础;现代化设备的建设是图书馆提高服务质量的保障;人性化服务体系的建设是图书馆发展的方向。通过对"四大要素"的不断建设,从而推动高校图书馆转型发展。